What is software testing? |
Software testing is the process of evaluating and verifying that a software application or system performs as expected and meets the specified requirements. |
What is the difference between verification and validation in testing? |
Verification is the process of checking if the software meets the specified requirements, while validation is the process of checking if the software meets the user's needs and expectations. |
What is a test case? |
A test case is a set of conditions or inputs used to verify the behavior of a software application and ensure it functions as expected. |
What are functional and non-functional testing? |
Functional testing focuses on testing the features of the application, such as functionalities and business logic. Non-functional testing evaluates aspects like performance, security, and usability. |
What is black-box testing? |
Black-box testing is a method of testing where the tester does not have knowledge of the internal workings of the system, and only tests its functionality based on inputs and outputs. |
What is white-box testing? |
White-box testing, also known as clear-box or glass-box testing, involves testing the internal structures or workings of an application by having knowledge of its source code. |
What is regression testing? |
Regression testing is a type of software testing that ensures that recent code changes have not affected the existing functionalities of the application. |
What is unit testing? |
Unit testing is the process of testing individual units or components of the software to ensure they work as expected in isolation. |
What is integration testing? |
Integration testing is the process of testing the interactions between multiple software components or systems to ensure they work together correctly. |
What is the purpose of a bug report? |
A bug report is a document that provides detailed information about a defect or issue found in the software, including steps to reproduce, severity, and environment details. |
What is a test plan? |
A test plan is a comprehensive document that outlines the strategy, scope, objectives, resources, schedule, and activities involved in the testing process for a software application. |
What is acceptance testing? |
Acceptance testing is the process of evaluating a software application to determine if it meets the business requirements and is ready for release to the client or end-users. |
What is performance testing? |
Performance testing is a non-functional testing type that assesses how a system performs under different conditions, such as load, stress, and scalability tests. |
What is load testing? |
Load testing involves evaluating a system's performance under expected user load to ensure that it can handle the required number of users or transactions efficiently. |
What is stress testing? |
Stress testing is a type of performance testing that evaluates how a system behaves under extreme conditions or when it exceeds its capacity. |
What is the difference between a defect and a bug? |
A defect is an issue in the software that causes it to deviate from the expected behavior, while a bug is a specific instance of a defect, often caused by a coding error. |
What is the purpose of smoke testing? |
Smoke testing is a preliminary testing approach to check if the basic functionalities of an application work properly after a new build or code change. |
What is exploratory testing? |
Exploratory testing is an informal testing approach where testers actively explore the software to discover defects without predefined test cases, often using their creativity and experience. |
What is a test suite? |
A test suite is a collection of test cases grouped together to test a particular functionality, module, or feature of the application. |
What is smoke testing? |
Smoke testing is a preliminary testing process to check if the basic functionalities of a software build work correctly before it undergoes more rigorous testing. |
What is sanity testing? |
Sanity testing is a type of regression testing performed to ensure that the specific functionality of the application is working as expected after a code change or bug fix. |
What is user acceptance testing (UAT)? |
User acceptance testing is the final phase of testing where end-users validate whether the system meets their requirements and expectations before it is deployed. |
What is exploratory testing? |
Exploratory testing is a testing approach where testers actively explore the software to find defects without predefined test cases, using their skills and experience. |
What is boundary value analysis? |
Boundary value analysis is a testing technique that focuses on testing the boundaries between equivalence partitions, as errors tend to occur at the boundaries. |
What is equivalence partitioning? |
Equivalence partitioning is a technique that divides the input data into equivalent classes, where each class is treated the same for testing purposes, to reduce the number of test cases. |
What is the difference between functional and non-functional testing? |
Functional testing focuses on verifying that the software performs the functions it is supposed to, while non-functional testing evaluates aspects like performance, security, and usability. |
What is a defect life cycle? |
The defect life cycle refers to the stages a defect goes through from its identification to its resolution, including stages like new, assigned, resolved, and closed. |
What is the difference between Alpha and Beta testing? |
Alpha testing is done internally by the development team before the software is released to external testers, while Beta testing involves external users who test the software in a real-world environment. |
What is static testing? |
Static testing is the process of reviewing and analyzing the software's code, documentation, and design without executing the code to identify defects early in the development cycle. |
What is dynamic testing? |
Dynamic testing involves executing the code to validate the behavior of the application against expected outcomes, and it focuses on finding defects during runtime. |
What is ad-hoc testing? |
Ad-hoc testing is an informal testing technique where the tester explores the application without any formal test plans or cases, often relying on their experience to identify issues. |
What is compatibility testing? |
Compatibility testing verifies that the software works correctly across different environments, including various browsers, operating systems, and devices. |
What is load testing? |
Load testing is a performance testing technique that evaluates how well the system performs under a specific expected load of users or transactions. |
What is stress testing? |
Stress testing is a type of performance testing that evaluates how the system behaves under extreme conditions, such as excessive traffic or system overload. |
What is scalability testing? |
Scalability testing evaluates how well the system can handle increased load and scale up effectively without losing performance. |
What is a test script? |
A test script is a set of instructions or steps written in a programming language to automate the execution of tests and compare actual results with expected results. |
What is the difference between a test case and a test scenario? |
A test case is a specific set of conditions and actions to verify a particular functionality, while a test scenario is a higher-level description of the functionality or feature to be tested. |
What is a traceability matrix? |
A traceability matrix is a document that maps and traces the relationship between requirements and test cases to ensure all requirements are covered by tests. |
What is test coverage? |
Test coverage is a metric that measures the percentage of code or functionality covered by automated tests to ensure thorough testing of the application. |
What is a risk-based testing approach? |
Risk-based testing prioritizes testing activities based on the likelihood and impact of potential defects, focusing on areas with the highest risk to the system. |
What is a test report? |
A test report is a document that provides the results of the testing process, including information about the executed test cases, defects found, and test coverage. |
What is a defect repository? |
A defect repository is a centralized database or tool used to track and manage defects, including details like severity, status, and resolution progress. |
What is test automation? |
Test automation involves using specialized tools or scripts to automate the execution of test cases, reducing the manual effort required for repetitive tests and improving efficiency. |
What is continuous testing? |
Continuous testing is the practice of running automated tests continuously throughout the software development lifecycle to identify defects early and ensure quality in every stage. |
What is the difference between stress testing and performance testing? |
Stress testing evaluates how a system behaves under extreme load conditions, while performance testing assesses the system’s overall speed, responsiveness, and stability under expected load. |
What is the purpose of the defect triage meeting? |
A defect triage meeting is a session where developers, testers, and project managers assess and prioritize defects to determine their severity and decide on the necessary actions. |
What is the role of a test lead? |
A test lead is responsible for managing and coordinating testing activities, planning test strategies, allocating resources, and ensuring that testing is carried out effectively and efficiently. |
What is an invalid test case? |
An invalid test case is a test case designed to check the system’s behavior with invalid or incorrect inputs, which should ideally result in errors or rejection from the system. |
What is exploratory testing? |
Exploratory testing is an informal, unscripted testing approach in which testers actively explore the application, using their creativity and experience to find defects. |
What is the purpose of negative testing? |
Negative testing is designed to ensure that the software behaves correctly when invalid or unexpected inputs are provided, ensuring the system can handle errors gracefully. |
What are some popular test automation tools? |
Some popular test automation tools include Selenium, QTP (Quick Test Professional), JUnit, TestNG, and Appium. |
What is the difference between a bug and a defect? |
A bug is a flaw in the software caused by coding errors, whereas a defect refers to any deviation from the expected behavior, which can be caused by bugs, incorrect requirements, or other factors. |
What is boundary value testing? |
Boundary value testing is a technique where tests are designed to focus on the values at the boundaries of input ranges, as these are common areas where errors occur. |
What is a mock object in testing? |
A mock object is a simulated object that mimics the behavior of real objects in a controlled way during unit testing to isolate the unit under test. |
What is a defect density metric? |
Defect density is a metric used to measure the number of defects relative to the size of the software, often expressed as the number of defects per thousand lines of code (KLOC). |
What is the purpose of pair testing? |
Pair testing involves two testers working together on the same test case to increase effectiveness, share knowledge, and improve the quality of the testing process. |
What is the purpose of the test execution phase? |
The test execution phase is where testers execute test cases, compare the actual results with the expected results, and record the outcomes in a test report. |
What is performance testing? |
Performance testing is a type of testing aimed at determining how a system performs in terms of responsiveness and stability under a particular load. |
What is load testing? |
Load testing is a type of performance testing that evaluates how a system performs under expected user load, ensuring the system can handle the expected number of concurrent users or transactions. |
What is stress testing? |
Stress testing involves pushing the system beyond its normal load to determine how it behaves under extreme conditions, identifying failure points and recovery methods. |
What is volume testing? |
Volume testing checks how a system performs with a large volume of data, ensuring it can handle high quantities of data input without crashing. |
What is scalability testing? |
Scalability testing evaluates how a system can scale up or down based on increased or decreased workloads, ensuring the system can adjust to changing demands. |
What is the purpose of stress testing? |
The purpose of stress testing is to identify how the system behaves under heavy load, to discover the system’s breaking point, and to assess its ability to recover from failure. |
What is a performance bottleneck? |
A performance bottleneck is a point in the system that limits the overall performance, usually due to slow hardware, inefficient code, or resource limitations. |
What is the difference between verification and validation? |
Verification ensures that the product is built correctly according to specifications, while validation ensures the product meets the user’s needs and requirements. |
What is the difference between load testing and stress testing? |
Load testing measures the system's ability to handle expected traffic, while stress testing determines how the system behaves under extreme conditions beyond normal capacity. |
What is a test plan? |
A test plan is a detailed document that outlines the scope, approach, resources, and schedule of testing activities, including what will be tested, how it will be tested, and who will perform the tests. |
What is regression testing? |
Regression testing is performed to ensure that new code changes have not introduced any new defects in the existing functionality of the software. |
What is the purpose of a test case? |
A test case defines a set of conditions, inputs, actions, and expected outcomes used to verify if a particular feature or functionality works as expected. |
What is a defect? |
A defect is an issue, bug, or error in the software that causes it to behave incorrectly or deviate from its intended functionality. |
What is the purpose of a test summary report? |
The test summary report provides a high-level overview of the testing process, including the results, any issues found, and whether the product is ready for release. |
What is a test suite? |
A test suite is a collection of test cases that are grouped together for testing a specific functionality or module within a software application. |
What is alpha testing? |
Alpha testing is the first phase of testing performed by developers or QA teams to identify and fix issues before the software is released to a broader group of testers. |
What is beta testing? |
Beta testing is conducted by a group of external users who test the software in a real-world environment to uncover any bugs or usability issues before it is released to the public. |
What is acceptance testing? |
Acceptance testing determines if the system meets the business requirements and is ready for deployment, often conducted by the end-users or clients. |
What is usability testing? |
Usability testing assesses how easy and user-friendly a software application is by evaluating its design, functionality, and user experience from the perspective of the end-users. |
What is security testing? |
Security testing involves evaluating a software system for potential vulnerabilities, ensuring the system is protected against unauthorized access, data breaches, and attacks. |
What is the difference between manual and automated testing? |
Manual testing requires human testers to execute test cases, while automated testing uses tools and scripts to automatically execute the tests and compare the results. |
What is a test environment? |
A test environment is the setup where testing is performed, including hardware, software, network configurations, and any other resources required for testing. |
What is continuous integration? |
Continuous integration is a software development practice where code changes are automatically integrated and tested frequently in a shared repository, ensuring faster feedback and higher software quality. |
What is the purpose of the test execution phase? |
The test execution phase involves executing the test cases, comparing actual results with expected results, and logging defects if discrepancies are found. |
What is the importance of test documentation? |
Test documentation is important to ensure consistency, repeatability, traceability, and accountability in the testing process, providing a record of test cases, results, and defects. |
What is a defect life cycle? |
The defect life cycle refers to the various stages a defect goes through from its detection to its resolution, including identification, logging, prioritization, fixing, and closing. |
What is the difference between a test case and a test script? |
A test case is a detailed description of a specific test scenario, while a test script is a sequence of automated instructions designed to perform the test case. |
What is black-box testing? |
Black-box testing focuses on testing the functionality of the software without knowledge of its internal workings, validating the software's behavior against expected outputs. |
What is white-box testing? |
White-box testing is a testing technique where the internal structure, design, and implementation of the system are known and tested, focusing on code paths, logic, and structure. |
What is gray-box testing? |
Gray-box testing combines aspects of both black-box and white-box testing, where the tester has limited knowledge of the internal workings of the system but still tests for specific behaviors. |
What is the purpose of a test closure report? |
A test closure report is created after test execution and provides a summary of testing activities, including test results, issues encountered, and recommendations for improvement. |
What is the difference between a test case and a test scenario? |
A test case is a detailed set of steps to verify a particular feature or functionality, while a test scenario is a high-level description of the functionality or feature to be tested. |
What is the importance of regression testing? |
Regression testing ensures that new changes to the software have not introduced defects in previously working functionality, maintaining the overall integrity of the system. |
What is the difference between a blocker and a critical defect? |
A blocker defect completely prevents the software from functioning, whereas a critical defect significantly affects functionality but may not necessarily block the software. |
What is the role of test metrics? |
Test metrics help in evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of the testing process, tracking progress, identifying bottlenecks, and improving the overall quality of testing. |